Chemical fact sheet: Gallic acid

STD

False

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC-DAD

Mass spectrometer description

ESI-MS, quadrupole Orbitrap MS

Organism

Punica granatum

cultivated

squeezed, fresh, frozen, juice

Sample note

The samples were identified and collected by the researchers.

Dried material storage temperature

-20 °C

Dried material storage notes

dark

Extract liquid storage temperature

-20 °C

References

V. Di Stefano, R. Pitonzo, M. Novara, D. Bongiorno, S. Indelicato, C. Gentile, G. Avellone, R. Bognanni, S. Scandurra, and M. Melilli, "Antioxidant activity and phenolic composition in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes from south Italy by UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS approach.," Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , vol. 99 , pp. 1038–1045 , DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9270 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UV/Vis

Mass spectrometer description

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Organism

Rheum officinale  Baill.

cultivated

fresh, powdered

Sample note

The identification of Rheum officinale from the collected rhizome specimens were conducted by Prof. Li Xiang at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.

Dried material storage temperature

-80 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

methanol

References

J. Liu, L. Leng, Y. Liu, H. Gao, W. Yang, S. Chen, and A. Liu, "Identification and quantification of target metabolites combined with transcriptome of two rheum species focused on anthraquinone and flavonoids biosynthesis.," Scientific Reports , vol. 10 , no. 1 , pp. 20241 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77356-9 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UV/Vis

Mass spectrometer description

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Organism

Rheum palmatum  L.

cultivated

fresh, powdered

Sample note

The identification of Rheum palmatum from the collected rhizome specimens were conducted by Prof. Li Xiang at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.

Dried material storage temperature

-80 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

methanol

References

J. Liu, L. Leng, Y. Liu, H. Gao, W. Yang, S. Chen, and A. Liu, "Identification and quantification of target metabolites combined with transcriptome of two rheum species focused on anthraquinone and flavonoids biosynthesis.," Scientific Reports , vol. 10 , no. 1 , pp. 20241 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77356-9 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC-DAD

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole, LTQ (linear trap quadrupole), high resolution mass spectrometer (UHPLC OrbiTrap MS), heated electrospray ionization (HESI)

Organism

Morus alba  L.

cultivated

homogenized, frozen

Collection dates

2011-6

Sample note

The black coloured fruits from one genotype from the location Palanka, North Serbia were collected by the researchers. Each genotype as represented by one tree, and each sample was taken from one individual plant. The tree was over 30 years old and originated from seed. All berries were picked at the biologically ripe stage. The berries were picked cardinally-oriented branches with different directions arond the canopy. Harvest time was between 10 and 20th June 2011. After picking, the fruits were stored at -20C until chemical analysis.

Dried material storage temperature

-20 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol containing 0.1% HCl

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

25 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

4

Extraction time

4 d 4 h

Extract drying method

evaporation under reduced pressure

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Analysis solvents

MeOH:water (60:40)

References

M. Natić, D. Dabić, A. Papetti, M. Fotirić Akšić, V. Ognjanov, M. Ljubojević, and Ž. Tešić, "Analysis and characterisation of phytochemicals in mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits grown in Vojvodina, North Serbia.," Food Chemistry , vol. 171 , pp. 128–136 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.101 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC-DAD

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole, LTQ (linear trap quadrupole), high resolution mass spectrometer (UHPLC OrbiTrap MS), heated electrospray ionization (HESI)

Organism

Morus alba  L.

cultivated

homogenized, frozen

Collection dates

2011-6

Sample note

The black coloured fruits from one genotype from the location Novi Sad, North Serbia were collected by the researchers. Each genotype as represented by one tree, and each sample was taken from one individual plant. The tree was over 30 years old and originated from seed. All berries were picked at the biologically ripe stage. The berries were picked cardinally-oriented branches with different directions arond the canopy. Harvest time was between 10 and 20th June 2011. After picking, the fruits were stored at -20C until chemical analysis.

Dried material storage temperature

-20 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol containing 0.1% HCl

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

25 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

4

Extraction time

4 d 4 h

Extract drying method

evaporation under reduced pressure

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Analysis solvents

MeOH:water (60:40)

References

M. Natić, D. Dabić, A. Papetti, M. Fotirić Akšić, V. Ognjanov, M. Ljubojević, and Ž. Tešić, "Analysis and characterisation of phytochemicals in mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruits grown in Vojvodina, North Serbia.," Food Chemistry , vol. 171 , pp. 128–136 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.101 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

HPLC-DAD, HPLC-PDA

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS

Organism

Filipendula ulmaria  (L.) Maxim.

wild

ground, dried

Collection dates

2016-7

Sample note

Plant material was identified by Professor Branislava Lakušik (Department of Botany, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy) and voucher specimen; number 3872HFF was deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy.

Extraction solvents

boiling water

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

30 min

Extract drying method

freeze-drying

Analysis solvents

aqueous infusion

Detection note

The compound was quantified; the UV spectral data was not shown.

References

S. Samardžić, J. Arsenijević, D. Božić, M. Milenković, V. Tešević, and Z. Maksimović, "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. And Filipendula vulgaris Moench.," Journal of Ethnopharmacology , vol. 213 , pp. 132–137 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.013 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

HPLC-DAD, HPLC-PDA

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS

Organism

Filipendula vulgaris  Moench

wild

ground, dried

Collection dates

2013-5, 2014-5

Sample note

Plant material was collected in 2013 and 2014 (analysed together) near Loćika and identified by Professor Branislava Lakušik (Department of Botany, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy) and voucher specimen; number 3713HFF was deposited in the Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy.

Extraction solvents

boiling water

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

30 min

Extract drying method

freeze-drying

Analysis solvents

aqueous infusion

Detection note

The compound was quantified; the UV spectral data was not shown.

References

S. Samardžić, J. Arsenijević, D. Božić, M. Milenković, V. Tešević, and Z. Maksimović, "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and gastroprotective activity of Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. And Filipendula vulgaris Moench.," Journal of Ethnopharmacology , vol. 213 , pp. 132–137 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.11.013 .

STD

False

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

HPLC-DAD, diode array detector

Mass spectrometer description

HPLC-ESI-MS, HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS

Organism

Taraxacum mongolicum  Hand.-Mazz.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The aerial part of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz. was identified by Prof. Liurong Chen. The voucher specimen (TM20041-02) was deposited in Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zheijiang University.

Drying methods

air-dried

Drying temperature

50 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

100 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

3

Extraction time

4 h 30 min

Extract drying method

concentration under reduced pressure

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

MeOH

References

S. Shi, Y. Zhao, H. Zhou, Y. Zhang, X. Jiang, and K. Huang, "Identification of antioxidants from Taraxacum mongolicum by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–radical scavenging detection–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments.," Journal of Chromatography A , vol. 1209 , pp. 145–152 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.09.004 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Dimitrograd was no. 2-1765. The aerial parts were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

The precursor and product ions (m/z) are presented, respectively, from the standard of this compound in the quantitative MS/MS-analysis.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Dimitrograd was no. 2-1765. The bulbs were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

Gallic acid was not detected in the bulbs, contrary to the aerial parts.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Babusnica was no. 2-1767. The aerial parts were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

The precursor and product ions (m/z) are presented, respectively, from the standard of this compound in the quantitative MS/MS-analysis.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Babusnica was no. 2-1767. The bulbs were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

Gallic acid was not detected in the bulbs, contrary to the aerial parts.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .