Chemical fact sheet: Apigenin

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

ESI-MS/MS

Organism

Rhamnus davurica  Pall.

dried, powdered

Sample note

The authentication and identification of the barks of Rhamnus davurica was performed with the researchers of this study which were assisted by the taxonomist Quangwan Hu from Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture (Wuhan Botanicl Garden), Chinese Academy of Sciences. A voucher specimen (No. 0031) was deposited in the herbarium of the Key Laboratory.

Drying temperature

40 °C

Dried material storage temperature

4 °C

Dried material storage notes

the samples were packed in sealed polyethylene bags; stored in a refrigerator until use; dark

Extraction solvents

60 % ethanol

Extraction repeats

3

Extraction time

1 h 30 min

Extraction temperature

20±5 °C

Extract drying method

evaporation under reduced pressure

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

MeOH

References

G. Chen, X. Li, F. Saleri, and M. Guo, "Analysis of flavonoids in Rhamnus davurica and its antiproliferative effects.," Molecules , vol. 21 , no. 10 , pp. 1275 , DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101275 .

STD

False

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS, quadrupole time-of-flight

Organism

Carthamus palaestinus  L.

wild

dried, frozen

Sample note

The material (Accession Number 235663) were obtained from USDA National Plant Germplasm system. The seeds were planted and cultivated in a greenhouse at 18-25 °C located at the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, Korea.These MIDDLE STAGE flower samples were collected when flowering was considered complete, i.e. more than 90 % of the florets were open. The florets were orange(-yellow).

Drying methods

freeze-dried

Dried material storage temperature

-80 °C

Extraction solvents

70 % methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

25 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

5

Extraction time

35 min

Extraction temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % methanol

Detection note

The exact mass obtained.

References

J. Kim, A. Assefa, J. Song, V. Mani, S. Park, S. Lee, K. Lee, D. Kim, and B. Hahn, "Assessment of metabolic profiles in florets of Carthamus species using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.," Metabolites , vol. 10 , no. 11 , pp. 440 , DOI: 10.3390/metabo10110440 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UV/Vis

Mass spectrometer description

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Organism

Rheum officinale  Baill.

cultivated

fresh, powdered

Sample note

The identification of Rheum officinale from the collected rhizome specimens were conducted by Prof. Li Xiang at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.

Dried material storage temperature

-80 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

methanol

References

J. Liu, L. Leng, Y. Liu, H. Gao, W. Yang, S. Chen, and A. Liu, "Identification and quantification of target metabolites combined with transcriptome of two rheum species focused on anthraquinone and flavonoids biosynthesis.," Scientific Reports , vol. 10 , no. 1 , pp. 20241 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77356-9 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UV/Vis

Mass spectrometer description

UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS

Organism

Rheum palmatum  L.

cultivated

fresh, powdered

Sample note

The identification of Rheum palmatum from the collected rhizome specimens were conducted by Prof. Li Xiang at the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China.

Dried material storage temperature

-80 °C

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

methanol

References

J. Liu, L. Leng, Y. Liu, H. Gao, W. Yang, S. Chen, and A. Liu, "Identification and quantification of target metabolites combined with transcriptome of two rheum species focused on anthraquinone and flavonoids biosynthesis.," Scientific Reports , vol. 10 , no. 1 , pp. 20241 , DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77356-9 .

STD

False

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

LC-diode array (DAD), PDA

Mass spectrometer description

ESI-MS, ion trap

Organism

Daphne gnidium  L.

wild

Collection dates

2007-5, 2007-6

Sample note

The samples were identified and collected by the researchers.

Extraction solvents

water

Extraction time

1 h

Extraction temperature

100 °C

Analysis solvents

water: MeOH, 8:2

References

R. Marques, M. Sousa, M. Oliveira, and M. Melo, "Characterization of weld (Reseda luteola L.) and spurge flax (Daphne gnidium L.) by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–mass spectrometry in Arraiolos historical textiles.," Journal of Chromatography A , vol. 1216 , pp. 1395–1402 , DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.12.083 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Dimitrograd was no. 2-1765. The aerial parts were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

The precursor and product ions (m/z) are presented, respectively, from the standard of this compound in the quantitative analysis.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Dimitrograd was no. 2-1765. The bulbs were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

Detection note

The precursor and product ions (m/z) are presented, respectively, from the standard of this compound in the quantitative analysis.

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Babusnica was no. 2-1767. The aerial parts were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-MS/MS, triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer

Organism

Allium flavum subsp. flavum  L.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The whole plants (aerial parts, bulbs) of wild-growing A. flavum subsp. flavum were collected in Serbia. The voucher specimens were prepared, identified and deposited at the Herbarium of the Department of Biology and Ecology (BUNS Herbarium), University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences. The code of the specimens from Babusnica was no. 2-1767. The bulbs were analysed in this group.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

70 % aqueous methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

125 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

3 d

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

rotary evaporation under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

45 °C

Analysis solvents

70 % aqueous MeOH; 0.5 % formic acid : MeOH (7 : 3)

References

N. Simin, D. Orcic, D. Cetojevic-Simin, N. Mimica-Dukic, G. Anackov, I. Beara, D. Mitic-Culafic, and B. Bozin, "Phenolic profile, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of small yellow onion (Allium flavum L. subsp. flavum, Alliaceae)," LWT - Food Science and Technology , vol. 54 , no. 1 , pp. 139–146 , DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.05.023 .

STD

False

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

Mass spectrometer description

LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS

Organism

Tanacetum poteriifolium  Grierson

wild

dried, powdered

Collection dates

2018

Sample note

Botanical authentication was d in Turkey.one by the botanist Dr. Ismail Senkardes (Marmara University, Faculty of Pharmacy Turkey). The samples were collected in Kastamonu (Hanonu, Yukaricakircay village)

Drying methods

air-dried, dark

Drying temperature

20±5 °C

Dried material storage temperature

4 °C

Dried material storage notes

10 days

Extraction solvents

methanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

50 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

1 d

Extract drying method

evaporation in vacuo

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Analysis solvents

MeOH

References

G. Zengin, E. Sieniawska, I. Senkardes, M. Picot-Allain, K. Sinan, and M. Mahomoodally, "Antioxidant abilities, key enzyme inhibitory potential and phytochemical profile of Tanacetum poteriifolium Grierson.," Industrial Crops and Products , vol. 140 , pp. 111629 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111629 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-MS, HRMS, LTQ OrbiTrap, UHPLC–LTQ OrbiTrap MS/MS, HESI, heated ESI

Organism

Tanacetum parthenium  (L.) Sch. Bip.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The samples were collected in Turkey (Taskopru, Karacaoglu village). Taxonomic spotting was performed at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, voucher number: MARE-19056./ Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was performed at 600W microwave power.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

ethanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

50 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

30 min

Extract drying method

concentration under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Detection note

MS2 fragments (% base peak): 225 (5), 177 (15), 151 (100); MS3: 65 (100)

References

G. Zengin, A. Cvetanonović, U. Gašić, A. Stupar, G. Bulut, I. Şenkardes, A. Dogan, K. Sinan, Z. Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, A. Aktumsek, and M. Mahomoodally, "Modern and traditional extraction techniques affect chemical composition and bioactivity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.," Industrial Crops and Products , vol. 146 , pp. 112202 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112202 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-MS, HRMS, LTQ OrbiTrap, UHPLC–LTQ OrbiTrap MS/MS, HESI, heated ESI

Organism

Tanacetum parthenium  (L.) Sch. Bip.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The samples were collected in Turkey (Taskopru, Karacaoglu village). Taxonomic spotting was performed at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, voucher number: MARE-19056./Sonication of plant-ethanol mixture was done in ultrasonic bath for an hour at 30 °C.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

ethanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

40 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

1 h

Extraction temperature

30 °C

Extract drying method

concentration under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Detection note

MS2 fragments (% base peak): 225 (5), 177 (15), 151 (100); MS3: 65 (100)

References

G. Zengin, A. Cvetanonović, U. Gašić, A. Stupar, G. Bulut, I. Şenkardes, A. Dogan, K. Sinan, Z. Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, A. Aktumsek, and M. Mahomoodally, "Modern and traditional extraction techniques affect chemical composition and bioactivity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.," Industrial Crops and Products , vol. 146 , pp. 112202 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112202 .

STD

True

TLC

False

UV/Vis detector description

UHPLC

Mass spectrometer description

UHPLC-MS, HRMS, LTQ OrbiTrap, UHPLC–LTQ OrbiTrap MS/MS, HESI, heated ESI

Organism

Tanacetum parthenium  (L.) Sch. Bip.

wild

ground, dried

Sample note

The samples were collected in Turkey (Taskopru, Karacaoglu village). Taxonomic spotting was performed at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, voucher number: MARE-19056./The plant samples were macerated at room temperature at dark for 24 h.

Drying methods

air-dried

Extraction solvents

ethanol

Extraction mass/volume-ratio

50 mg/mL

Extraction repeats

1

Extraction time

1 d

Extraction temperature

20±5 °C

Extract drying method

concentration under vacuum

Extract drying temperature

40 °C

Dried extract storage temperature

4 °C

Detection note

MS2 fragments (% base peak): 225 (5), 177 (15), 151 (100); MS3: 65 (100)

References

G. Zengin, A. Cvetanonović, U. Gašić, A. Stupar, G. Bulut, I. Şenkardes, A. Dogan, K. Sinan, Z. Aumeeruddy-Elalfi, A. Aktumsek, and M. Mahomoodally, "Modern and traditional extraction techniques affect chemical composition and bioactivity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.," Industrial Crops and Products , vol. 146 , pp. 112202 , DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112202 .